Week 4

Introduction to CKD

Purpose: Better understand chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the complications that can arise plus tips for staying healthy day-to-day.

Time to read: 8 minutes

What is CKD?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition where the kidneys slowly lose their ability to filter waste and extra fluids from the blood. Over time, the buildup of waste can cause problems throughout the body. CKD often develops gradually and you may not show symptoms until it has progressed.

What is CKD?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition where the kidneys slowly lose their ability to filter waste and extra fluids from the blood. Over time, the buildup of waste can cause problems throughout the body. CKD often develops gradually and you may not show symptoms until it has progressed.

Causes of CKD

The two most common causes of CKD are diabetes and high blood pressure. When blood sugar or blood pressure remain high, it can cause damage to the delicate blood vessels in the kidneys. 

Other causes of CKD include:

  • Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the part of the kidneys that filter waste

  • Polycystic kidney disease: A genetic disorder causing cysts to form in the kidneys

  • Urinary tract obstructions: Conditions like kidney stones or an enlarged prostate

  • Recurrent kidney infections: These can lead to scarring and loss of function

Symptoms of CKD

  • Fatigue or feeling unusually tired

  • Swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, or face (this is called edema)

  • Changes in urination patterns (frequency, color, or amount)

  • High blood pressure

  • Loss of appetite or nausea

  • Itching or dry, itchy skin

Because these symptoms can be mild or mistaken for other issues, regular check-ups are important.

Treatment of CKD

Your treatment plan for CKD is designed by your healthcare team based on how advanced your disease is. 

Medical testing

Two main tests are used to monitor kidney function - a blood test and a urine test. The blood test is for your glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which checks how well your kidneys are filtering your blood. The urine test checks for albumin (a protein) in your urine, which can show if the kidneys are damaged. 

Depending on your treatment plan, your provider may also use imaging tests (like ultrasound) or biopsy to diagnose or monitor your condition. 

Medication

Medication may also be used as part of your treatment plan. Common medications include:

  • Blood pressure medications to protect the kidney from damage

  • Diuretics to help control fluid buildup

  • Blood glucose lowering medications if diabetes is also a concern

  • Other medications to manage symptoms or complications, such as anemia 

Lifestyle 

There are multiple stages of kidney disease, based on severity. Lifestyle recommendations will differ based on your stage.

In the early stages, following a diet that emphasizes plant-based proteins can be helpful. Your healthcare provider may have you following a kidney-friendly diet that can include restrictions on nutrients like protein, salt, potassium, and phosphorus.  

Your provider may also recommend adjusting your fluid intake. This is not necessary unless you have been told by your provider to do so.

Other lifestyle changes that can help with CKD progression include regular exercise and smoking cessation (if you currently smoke). 

Preventing CKD from worsening

  • Take all medications as prescribed

  • Monitor your blood pressure and keep it within the target range set by your provider

  • If you have diabetes, manage blood sugar and keep it within your target range 

  • Follow dietary recommendations set by your provider

  • Regular physical activity can help manage blood pressure and improve overall health

  • Avoid smoking as it can worsen kidney damage

  • Keep in touch with your healthcare team to monitor your kidney function

Monitoring your weight

One sign that CKD is worsening is fluid buildup (edema). That’s why it’s important to keep track of your weight every day.

  • Weigh yourself at the same time each day

  • Use the same scale and similar clothing to get accurate readings

  • Notify your doctor if you notice a sudden weight gain or loss

Common questions and challenges

Why is monitoring my weight important?

Tracking your weight helps you notice fluid buildup, which can indicate worsening kidney function. Early detection allows your healthcare team to adjust your treatment quickly so you can help avoid serious health issues.

What should I do if I notice swelling?

Swelling in your legs, feet, or face may be a sign of fluid buildup. It’s important to contact your healthcare team if this occurs so your fluid or medication plans can be adjusted.

How can I manage my diet with CKD?

Following a kidney-friendly diet, which often means limiting salt, potassium, and phosphorus, can be challenging. Working with a dietitian or your healthcare team can help you find a plan that works for you.

I feel tired all the time. Is this normal?

Fatigue is a common symptom of CKD due to the buildup of waste products in the body. However, if your fatigue worsens or interferes with your daily life, it’s important to discuss it with your healthcare team.


Next steps:

  1. Review your device testing protocol from your provider by going to Profile > Monitoring Protocols

    1. If you need a nudge from the Brook app to help you remember to take your weight or blood pressure throughout the week, go to the bottom of the Monitoring Protocols page and click the ‘click here’ text to go to the Schedules & Reminders page. Make sure your app notifications are turned on in your phone’s settings to receive these reminders.

  2. Start monitoring your weight and blood pressure with the device(s) you’ve received from Brook. 

  3. Chat with the Brook Care team (the Registered Nurse and Health Coaches) about your own personal weight and blood pressure trends.

Additional resources

National Kidney Foundation CKD